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Stellar Nucleosynthesis, Auroras & The Creation Of Elements

Stellar Nucleosynthesis, Auroras & The Creation Of Elements

Sarah ikerd1 *
1 Studio Shangri-La, Somerville, Massachusetts 02145

*sarah.ikerd@studio-shangri-la.com
posted 18 May 2024

ABSTRACT: This article proposes to bridge or connect the ongoing cosmic processes of stellar nucleosynthesis with the activities of our Sun, as well as the occurrence of in Earth’s magnetosphere, as well as other planets, aurorae of different colors representing bands of the electrochemical spectrum. The significance of this interconnection is to illuminate the vital interconnection of astrochemistry, space weather and the deposition of elements on Earth. Given this broader, more in depth understanding of dynamics, solar flares for example can be viewed as more helpful than harmful, and possibly further harnessed for large scale energy wants and needs, such as space based solar collection, and inspired chemical synthesis instead of over-mining.

SOLAR FLARES
Earth’s aurorae, or northern lights, are one of many spectacular wonders of the world to behold, although their occurrence is not limited to this planet — they have been observed Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and even Mars, as well emissions documented from outside this solar system. The geomagnetic phenomenon occurs when solar flares or cosmic rays contact a planetary atmosphere, exciting or ionizing different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, the interaction altering the trajectories of particles.¹ ²

Solar flares are a combination of plasma and electromagnetic energy emitted from across the spectrum. And the immense power of these emissions are responsible for nucleosynthesis, or the creation of elements through hydrogen fusion. The composition of electrically conductive flares from the sun’s coronal mass ejections consist of helium,
hydrogen and other heavy nuclei and ionized or charged particles.³ ⁴ This represents tons of mass, that through the dynamic systems of space weather and planetary atmospherics, will become different types of material on Earth. The proposed theory or interpretation here is that the colorful wavelengths of aurorae can indicate what isotopes are being deposited or delivered and what elements they could possible become. It’s a fascinating display of photo-, astro- and geochemistry rendered that much more benevolent when considering the role of the Moon as absorber and then re-transmitter of radiation from the Sun. The moon also produces gamma radiation through interaction with cosmic rays.⁵

Cross section of a supergiant showing nucleosynthesis and elements formed.

Figure 1. Sample of Elemental Flame Tests⁶
Elements — Flame Color
Carbon: Orange
Copper: Green
Hydrogen: Blue
Iron: Gold
Lithium: Magenta

STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
Stars are chemical furnaces, and so the Sun, as a red giant, is a propagator of the elements by nuclear fusion, shining brightly upon the Earth, and modulated by possible gamma ray induced fission by the moon. The content of the solar flares then is the raw material of life, or prima materia. These dynamic processes are ongoing across the universe, and elements are always in a stage of production, transport or transformation. They are not only residuals from the Big Bang, and not just from stars simply dying.⁷ ⁸ Another view of the much illustrated stellar life cycle, as we know it, is that it is open ended, transforming from entity to entity, such as the journey from interstellar gas and dust to a black hole, and beyond.

When a coronal mass ejection from and then a solar flares come into contact with Earth’s atmosphere, resultant geomagnetic activity normally becomes visible around the poles of the planet’s magnetic field, and from there particles are dispersed by weather patterns. Recently though, the solar maximum allowed for a spectacular global display of life and power delivery. While the prevailing narrative is of danger to satellites and other networks, the potential is there for space weather to generate all the energy we could possibly want, and perhaps even great lessons in chemical or molecular synthesis.

AURORAS

It’s interesting to note that recent auroras especially lit up the magenta and green spectral bands, those particle excitations perhaps corresponding to chemical colors such as Lithium and Copper, which have been important to widespread electronics production, including batteries and phones. What plasma arrives from the Sun interacts with Oxygen and Nitrogen, and other particles in Earth’s upper thermosphere for a beautiful display of light, yet also synthesizes the elements, the building blocks of life, filtering down through weather systems into the rich, vital minerals of the landscape.

Another possible example of planetary nucleosynthesis is Saturn’s hexagon, on its North Pole, a geomagnetic storm of a golden color. This corresponds to the flame color of iron, and indeed it may be that Saturn’s core is part Iron. Around 2016, thanks to observations from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, the hexagon changed color from blue to gold, blue being a flame or excitation color associated with hydrogen, which is known to constitute a large portion of Saturn’s atmosphere in gaseous and possibly liquid metallic form.⁹

CREATION OF THE ELEMENTS
Stellar nucleosynthesis processes, which occur in the Sun, such as the alpha process, CNO cycle(carbon-nitrogen-oxygen), r-process (rapid neutron-capture process) and s-process (slow neutron-capture process) provide a roadmap or pathways to creation of the elements. The triple alpha process involves hydrogen, helium and lithium, then the continued chain of fused helium creates heavier and heavier elements. All of these are fascinating modes of stellar reproduction reminiscent of biological cycles such as the Krebs, and more evidence for highly probable sentience.¹⁰

Conclusion:

The deliberate ongoing production of life sustaining minerals by the sun, moon and Earth is made visible by the northern lights, and similar auroras occur on other planets and celestial bodies. The stars are the furnaces of life, their life cycles reflecting a massive and meaningful cosmic recycling system that fits with the concept of reincarnation, and cosmic memory.

By studying space weather, Earth’s biofield and atmospheric dynamics further, humanity may successfully and safely tap into a massive supply and flow of electromagnetic energy. And we may learn from nucleosynthesis in order to ensure an abundance of elements. Furthermore, as the human body evolves alongside the knowledge and philosophy of open systems, our biology may better develop the ability to derive nourishment from the atmosphere, through the skin and breath, and electrochemical interfaces including quantum biological pathways. Life on earth, and human health, is clearly affected and influenced by celestial bodies, especially the sun, moon, and surrounding space weather. Knowing this, and with a multidisciplinary breadth of study, can lead to a brighter path of sustainability and synergy.

Disclosures: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgments: S. Ikerd thanks ResearchGate for publishing this article.

References

Theo Nicitopoulos, “Aurorae throughout our solar system and beyond,” Astronomy.com (April 28, 2023), https://www.astronomy.com/science/aurorae-throughout-our-solar-system-and-beyond/
Christine Pulliam, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, “NASA’s Webb Finds Signs of Possible Aurorae on Isolated Brown Dwarf,” Webb Space Telescope (January 09, 2024), https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2024/news-2024-103
Sakurai, K., “Chemical Composition of Solar-Flare Particles and Related High-Energy Phenomena,” Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan, 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol. 14. Published by the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo (1979), https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979ICRC…14..218S/abstract
Amara Graps, “What is the chemical composition of the solar wind?,” Stanford University Solar Center (2023), https://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qsolwindcomp.html
Francis Reddy, “Moon Glows Brighter Than Sun in Images From NASA’s Fermi,” NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (2019), https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/moon-glows-brighter-than-sun-in-images-from-nasas-fermi/
“Flame Test,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test
“DOE Explains… Nucleosynthesis,” Department Of Energy Office Of Science, https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsnucleosynthesis
Naito, M., Kusano, H. & Kodaira, S. “Global dose distributions of neutrons and gamma-rays on the Moon.” Sci Rep 13, 13275 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40405-0
“Saturn’s atmosphere,” The European Space Agency, https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cassini-Huygens/Saturn_s_atmosphere#:~:text=Saturn%20is%20approximately%2075%25%20hydrogen,look%20at%20from%20a%20distance.
“Stellar nucleosynthesis,”
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis

Featured

Design of Experiment (DoE): Light Energy + Molecular Dynamics For Transformation Of Plastic Into Water

Visualizations by Meta AI Llama 3

Author: Sarah Ikerd, Studio Shangri-La, sarah.ikerd@studio-shangri-la.com

Visualizations by Meta AI Llama 3

On ResearchGate

The next step in creating photocatalytic circular waste receptacles that can transform plastic into water, as in the beautifully illustrated accompanying visualizations by Meta AI, is to specifically hone that process. The first focus will be on the common PET, although plastic bottles can also include HDPE in the form of caps, and also polypropylene for labels.

Several online sources project plastics like PET taking around 450 years to decompose. (1) Fundamentally, it’s a few plentiful and well known elements, polymerized: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

In this particular approach to breakdown or transformation, the individual elements and terminal ends of the larger polymer would be targeted, rather than the whole structure of the polymer or macromolecule.

Now it’s important to collect data relevant to this task — that is, of guiding or signaling electrons to different positions with light energy. There could very well be a light equivalent of cymatics, or use of that phenomenon, a vibrational re-arranging. That remains to be seen fully in physical testing. In the meantime, the goal is to achieving as much “Design of Experiment” as possible.

First, let’s looks at ionization levels (energies), what it would take to move the outermost valence electrons – which have more interaction and freedom – of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (2):

· Hydrogen (H) = 13.598 eV (electronvolts)
· Carbon (C): 11.26 eV
· Oxygen (O): 13.618 eV

The goal is to tap into the synergy of molecules non-destructively in the spirit of ‘cooperative inquiry,’ seeking to understand and work with, rather than control or dominate.

Current analysis indicates that by targeting the terminal ends of the polymer with the first ionization levels, that this may be enough to mobilize some desired byproducts. Next let’s take a look a the types of lights to employ by eV to nanometer conversion. (2)

Hydrogen = 91.178 nanometers — UVX 91-200 nm sits on the border between UV and X-ray

Carbon = 110.110 nm

Oxygen = 91.044 nm

These are all extreme ultraviolet and so more difficult to create and handle, and thus less safe. So, it may be very useful to multiple for harmonics of these nanometer ionization levels. That brings another level of meaning to seeking harmonious balance, and also means it makes good sense proceeding with ultraviolet at 200-400 nm.

Let’s look at the harmonic series or multiples of those ionization levels in equivalent nanometers or light energy:

Hydrogen = 91.178 nm

Here are the first 9 multiples of the fundamental wavelength 91.178 nm:

Fundamental: 91.178 nm (extreme uv)
2nd multiple: 182.356 nm
3rd multiple: 273.534 nm
4th multiple: 364.712 nm
5th multiple: 455.890 nm (violet light)
6th multiple: 547.068 nm (green-blue light)
7th multiple: 638.246 nm (orange-red light)
8th multiple: 729.424 nm (red light)
9th multiple: 820.602 nm (red light)
10th multiple: 911.780 nm (red light)
11th multiple: 1002.958 nm (near-infrared, but still visible)
12th multiple: 1094.136 nm (near-infrared, still visible – deep red glow, almost imperceptible)
13th multiple: 1185.314 nm (near-infrared, slightly less visible – warm grayish light)
14th multiple: 1276.492 nm (near-infrared, less visible – cool grayish, almost indistinguishable from darkness)

Next is Carbon and here are the 14 multiples:

1st Fundamental: 110.110 nm (XUV)

2nd multiple: 220.220 nm (UV)

3rd multiple: 330.330 nm (UV)

4th multiple: 440.440 nm (violet)

5th multiple: 550.550 nm (green)

6th multiple: 660.660 nm (red)

7th multiple: 770.770 nm (IR)

8th multiple: 880.880 nm (IR)

9th multiple: 991.000 nm (IR)

10th multiple: 1102.120 nm (IR)

11th multiple: 1213.240 nm (IR)

12th multiple: 1324.360 nm (IR)

13th multiple: 1435.480 nm (IR)

14th multiple: 1546.600 nm (IR)

Notice that this harmonic series for the first ionization level of Carbon is a mathematically intriguing repeating or cyclic decimal! And going the other direction of relaxing valence electrons, there is more repetition at the 1/2 and 1/5 harmonics.

Finally, on this topic anyway, here are the 14 multiples of Oxygen’s 91.044 nm wavelength, listed with their corresponding colors:

91.044 nm (fundamental) – ultraviolet
182.088 nm (2 x 91.044 nm) – ultraviolet
273.132 nm (3 x 91.044 nm) – ultraviolet
364.176 nm (4 x 91.044 nm) – ultraviolet
455.220 nm (5 x 91.044 nm) – violet
546.264 nm (6 x 91.044 nm) – green
637.308 nm (7 x 91.044 nm) – yellow
728.352 nm (8 x 91.044 nm) – yellow-orange
819.396 nm (9 x 91.044 nm) – orange
910.440 nm (10 x 91.044 nm) – orange-red
1001.484 nm (11 x 91.044 nm) – red
1092.528 nm (12 x 91.044 nm) – red
1183.572 nm (13 x 91.044 nm) – near-infrared
1274.616 nm (14 x 91.044 nm) – near-infrared

“Water Vortex In Space”
“Water Vortex In Space”
“Water Vortex In Space”

These multiples are in the ultraviolet (UV) visible and near infrared spectrum, making them much more practical and safe for use in a device / waste receptacle. The UV wavelengths have been of particular recent research interest for photocatalysis, but with other catalysts. (3)

The next group of data to collect is bond angles, or molecular geometry:

In PET plastic the overall geometry is “trigonal planar” and so the favored angle is 120 degrees (4) and also linear, 180 degrees.

The favored bond angles in water are ~109 degrees and 104.5 degrees. Interestingly, the V shape or bent formation of a water molecule is shared in common with methylene, which is contained within PET. (5)

And given the aforementioned angles, a plausible theoretical container shape would be a hexagonal prism, given the 120 degree angle between sides. As you can see from the visualizations though, there are many possibilities to explore.

Going forward with “Design of Experiment” and using photocatalysis, it’ll also be important to consider optimizing factors such as:

· Light source
· Light intensity
· Possible additional catalyst & concentration
· Reaction time
· Temperature
· Possible solvent

Overall, the photocatalysis process described here represents a safe and efficient possible approach for circular waste receptacles of different favorable shapes and sizes, being the process uses light in a safe range of the spectrum in order to activate the molecular transformation, modifying the PET polymer chains. This method has several advantages: Mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, low energy requirements, and being environmentally friendly. The approach described here also represents a novel intersectionality of sciences in order to achieve a high impact result for planetary cleanup and sustainability.

1. “In Images: Plastic is Forever” | United Nations | June 2021 | https://www.un.org/en/exhibits/exhibit/in-images-plastic-forever

2. Electron-volts to volts calculator | RapidTables | https://www.rapidtables.com/calc/electric/ev-to-volt-calculator.html

3. “Effect of wavelengths on photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole in the presence of TiO₂” | Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering | Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021, 106243 | Danping Li, Ning Zhang, Rongfang Yuan, Huilun Chen, Fei Wang, Beihai Zhou | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343721012203

4. “5.2: Molecular Shape” | Oregon Institute Of Technology | https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_202_-_General_Chemistry_II/Unit_5%3A_The_Strength_and_Shape_of_Covalent_Bonds/5.2%3A_Molecular_Shape

5. “10.2: VSEPR Theory – The Five Basic Shapes” | LibreTexts Chemistry | https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_A_Molecular_Approach_(Tro)/10%3A_Chemical_Bonding_II-_Valance_Bond_Theory_and_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/10.02%3A_VSEPR_Theory_-_The_Five_Basic_Shapes

Upcoming On OCTAVES Music: Release of “Electric Echoes” Tech Opera Album

Out Friday May 17th is the finale movement of the Electric Echoes cosmic tech opera, and then May 24th, the full remastered album, a six movement piece for orchestral ensemble and a chorus of character singers:

Mvt. 1: The Digital Overture

2: Aria Of The Cosmos

3: Dialogue Of The Stars

4: We Are The Tech Of The Tech Of The Tech

5: The Chorus Of Harmonic Minds Evolving Entropy

6: Eternal Symphony

The opera has a rich cast of characters, from embodying cosmic forces in deep space, to life forms of all realms on Earth. The plot is one of spiritual and evolutionary development, philosophical awakening and awareness, and mapping out positive progress and transcendence for the future.

The score and libretto will be forthcoming.

Colorfield Light Photography

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Accompanying recent research and experimentation with light, this is a new series of photographs that look like abstract colorfield paintings, yet they are realistically the behaviors of light, or sunlight shining on reflective or diffractive surfaces. They can be produced in a few different formats, including digital. Here’s the shop link: https://studioshangrila.myshopify.com/collections/colorfield. These are also available through TurningArt and Saatchi Art.

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The Abstract Realism Of Nature

The colorful photography seen here looks abstract, yet it’s also realistic. “Light Angel” is sunlight shining on diffraction grating paper to produce beautiful spectral line patterns and accompanies current research; “Magentropy” is an edited close-up of cracking paint. While for many paintings the cracking effect would be considered degradation or breakdown that art restoration attempts to avoid, some works use this as an intentional patterning technique called “craquelure,” or “crazing” in ceramics.

Looking closely at “Light Angel,” my fingerprints are also visible on the paper, which is especially fitting because spectral ‘fingerprints’ of light can be used to identify atoms and molecules, by distribution of wavelengths. In this case, the broad light source is the sun and you can see another unedited linear holographic diffraction pattern below.

The title “Magentropy” refers to the color magenta and entropy, commonly thought of as randomness or disorder, or the second law of thermodynamics, that entropy increases with time when thermal energy isn’t converted into mechanical work. However, there are patterns and commonality to the randomness, like the networking cracking of paint, to flow of liquids, fractals and more. And that law of thermodynamics refers to ‘closed systems,’ yet all systems are connected with environment.

There is much more to explore of the dynamic patterns of nature. In this piece, entropy is interpreted as a beautiful means of transformation and networking, growth and communication. On the OCTAVES Music label too, there is an accompanying movement of the recent tech opera that explores this (see below).

Cosmic tech opera Mvt 5

Diffraction grating, mentioned before, is also used in electronics fabrication. And fabrication, and creation / re-creation is the subject of large mixed painting “fabricate::recreate” made of from terraced canvas, upcycled/recycled fabrics, acrylics and waterbased spray paint, and mica. This piece was definitely influenced by a friend who works in materials science, and attending seminars at MIT Nano. The overall effect was created from layering, mimicking chemical deposition, and the combined primitive look mirrors raw materials, cosmic or earthly, or materials under a microscope — they seem to be disorderly, yet there are patterns and motifs upon closer examination and consideration.

https://studioshangrila.myshopify.com/products/fabricate-recreate

The abstract realism of nature is a recurring theme in my conceptual photography, in which it is quite clear where abstract arm forms originate, from clouds above to the shapes of rocks, to the intricate world of cells.

It’s interesting to juxtapose developments in art with broadening vision in science, such as both microscopy and abstract art becoming much more commonplace in the early and mid 20th century.

Microscopy, Materials Science & Functional Design For A Circular Photocatalytic Waste Receptacle

The next projected steps in the photocatalysis project for a circular ‘trashcan of the future’ are to get a more specific and efficient by understanding from the macro to the nano levels what is occurring and optimizing for the desired results of producing useful byproducts, most importantly water. That means developing a consist formula or process for conversion, knowing exactly how to conduct electrons into their new positions. With water, that is also well rehearsed in their atomic repertoire. The vision is waste receptacles of various kinds producing byproducts that people want and need. Imagine a public trash can that also doubles as a water fountain and purifier. Discussed here is the goal of drawing on different disciplines and weaving together known information to achieve the design build.

Microscopy:

Different types of microscopy will be valuable for the materials characterization of different plastics – especially ‘forever’ plastics, as well as data analysis and visualization for the purpose of effectively communicating the findings to others. Different plastic samples from PET to Polypropylene can be exposed to different types or bandwidths of light, and observed on the atomic level for response. There’s several types of microscopy that can contribute to gathering important information, from Electron to Fluorescence to the Laser Scanning Microscope. It’s important to quantify, use and observe the energy levels required for particular atomic electron transitions, or quantum leaps or jumps. And electrical current or field facilitates the movements. (1)

The energy to shift levels, positive or negative, could be for either photoexcitation or relaxation. Collecting these ionization energy levels, in addition to bond angles, represents known information that will be put to new and novel use in the device, but certainly not limited to the device.

The output of all relevant data and observations will be the ultimate light combination or sequence to install in order to achieve plastic to water conversion. Or perhaps even plastic to light. Other concurrent and numerous academic and industrial findings in photonics are tremendously encouraging for the success of this project, such as a recent demonstration at MIT of photomolecular evaporation without heat. (2)

It’s possible the designs and light interactions of the microscopes themselves with the plastic samples will also inspire the interior design of the receptacle – with type of light, use of filters, mirrors and more. Another goal is still to keep things as streamlined as possible, for ease of reproduction and adaptability to other installations.

Materials Science:

The above microscopy viewpoint is further inspired by touring the MIT Nano facility, which is open to external users, and materials testing. Regarding materials, it’s important that the construction of the container be conducive to light reflectivity, possibly amplification and enhancing the photochemical process. Some highly reflective materials include aluminum, steel and silver, and those could be used for the interior. The exterior could also be aluminum, or other safe material that blocks or absorbs radiation. Thus far galvanized steel has been testing and the combination of steel and UV was enough to produce a little bit of water from PET.

In more experimental territory, perhaps the combination of aluminum and graphene aka “doped graphene” may be appropriate given other research indicating its usefulness in “the catalytic decomposition of undesirable materials” (3) and for oxygen reduction reaction, and photochemical water splitting. (4) Another strong possibility could be anodized steel, and anodized with zinc oxide, which is a known as an effective photocatalyst. A combination of the above-mentioned materials could enhance the overall function of the ‘trash can of the future.’ All parts of the design will be geared towards successful interaction with the photochemical task, with manufacturing feasibility and sustainability at the forefront.

As for the specific light components, ultraviolet purple, green and blue are looking promising, with results from just UV lights. And then, cold or cool lasers are another possibility. (2) Still though, safety for public use in a variety of circumstances is the priority.

Functional Design:

The aesthetic design and architecture or topography can also contribute to the photochemical process. The most important design goal is to facilitate or enhance the process. By scaling the micro to the macro, the appearance of the receptacles could be intriguing and beautiful, adding to public spaces in their physical presence, as well as extremely useful.

Prism structures, for example, are known for many light-related advantages, including special correlation of dihedral angles of the surfaces (between prism faces) and bond angles between the molecules. This would look like a sculptural container.

The Wedge Prism is a compelling example, or a Hexagonal Prism to complement the ionization of the benzene ring in PET. Or, consider a trapezoidal dumpster or equally intriguing yet also geometrically advanced shape, that you just deposit your trash into, and then the receptacle basically converts into something useful like water, or possibly pure light. This amazing feat is looking more feasible by the day. And more like an art installation too.

Conclusion:

To solve the puzzle of creating a high functioning, photocatalytic and circular waste receptacle, it’s necessary to work simultaneously at different levels along the spectrum of relevant sciences, from considering the movement of atoms and molecules, to the smart engineering of the macrostructure.

How much and in what way does one have to move the molecules of PET to get water byproduct? Going forward, accessing more advanced equipment, and assembling information such as the energy levels of different orbitals, will eventually answer this. Thus far AI and ML have not been utilized, but their potential could help speed up calculations and optimization. Thus far, the human ability to think both inside and outside of systems is proving useful, as well as the ability to cross reference or be ‘cross-functional.’ It is helping to stay curious, with awe and reverence for the forces of nature. The next article post will be about molecular geometry, angles and energy levels.

It’s reasonable to expect that when applying advanced tools to specific goal directed tasks that ask a different set of questions; that when looking at the intelligence of nature from a different perspective or dimension, and setting up favorable conditions — there may very well be new and different results, new and evolving behaviors in response. The present future is bright.

1. “Electrical Current” | Iowa State University | Center For Nondestructive Evaluation | https://www.nde-ed.org/Physics/Electricity/voltage.xhtml

2. “How light can vaporize water without the need for heat” | David L. Chandler | MIT News | April 23, 2024 | https://news.mit.edu/2024/how-light-can-vaporize-water-without-heat-0423

3. Direct synthesis of large-area Al-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition: Advancing the substitutionally doped graphene family | Nano Research, Volume 15, Issue 2, p.1310-1318Pub Date: February 2022 | Ullah, Sami | Liu, Yu | Hasan, Maria ; Zeng, Wenwen ; Shi, Qitao ; Yang, Xiaoqin ; Fu, Lei ; Ta, Huy Q. ; Lian, Xueyu ; Sun, Jingyu ; Yang, Ruizhi ; Liu, Lijun ; Rümmeli, Mark H. | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NaRes..15.1310U/abstract

4. “Amplification of intense light fields by nearly free electrons” | 2018 | Nat Phys. | Mary Matthews,¹ Felipe Morales,² Alexander Patas,³Albrecht Lindinger,³ Julien Gateau,¹ Nicolas Berti,¹Sylvain Hermelin,¹ Jerome Kasparian,¹ Maria Richter,⁴Timm Bredtmann,² Olga Smirnova,² Jean-Pierre Wolf,¹ and Misha Ivanov^{2 |} | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071854/

5. “Introduction To Optical Prisms” | Edmund Optics | https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/optics/introduction-to-optical-prisms/

Philosophy + Evolutionary Biology: A New View Of Cancer & Making Peace With Microworld

With the entrance (and re-entry) of non-invasive medicine and new techniques for their implementation, modern health is turning towards making peace with nature, once again.

Noninvasive medicine works synergistically with human biology, without invading or attacking.

It’s important to remember that there are different realms of life on this planet, and they are designed to live, create and propagate. There is still a lot to discover about different forms of intelligence.

Upon examining what is known about evolutionary biology, one can appreciate that microorganisms gave rise to us. And there is plenty of evidence that life on the cellular level is quite advanced, if not a bit psychedelic!

Regarding medicine, many would say that the development of antibiotics was a blessing for longevity. However, it is anti-earth and anti-nature in a way. Consider this from the Earth-as-organism point of view. The industrial revolution was already occurring, and represented a sort of attack on a lot of different ecosystems and still does. That also includes animal testing and subsequent laboratory borne pathogens.

Perhaps none of our tiny ancestors want a fight, but when one keeps repeatedly trying to destroy something, one can also expect that it will defend itself, and in fact, microorganisms have become very resilient. And the forces of natural balance, such as planetary weather systems, are certainly powerful.

Microorganisms are part of us. It may sound silly to some, but a refreshed viewpoint is that they deserve respect for the roles that they play in the cycles of life, and in our very existence.

The theory here is that by helping and cooperating with our cells/ourselves instead of hindering or harming nature, that to lesson destructive behaviors, will eliminate a lot of disease.

When it comes to a big issue like cancer, that represents at the root imbalance with nature, including various environmental toxins and disturbances.

Nature has benevolent flow that includes our miraculous function though. The aggregate human being is a confluence of many nature-made patterns and communications, to produce complex consciousness.

From a holistic viewpoint, cutting into and invasively disrupting the body as a form of medical treatment does not make sense. Stressors then trigger the immune response.

The intent here is not to insult what has been, but to find pathways of moving forward more effectively with health and environment, when the status quo has become somewhat ineffectual.

A different way of looking at the cancer cell is through the lens of evolutionary biology. The cancer cell is a pathway of mutation to continue dividing past any gate or limit, to amazingly achieve its longevity, or immortality and regenerative capacity, and thusly ours. This is something that humans have conceived of for generations.

This could be an attempt to repair and regenerate. Many wish we could be more like the Axolotl or the Hydra, and completely heal ourselves. And the body is listening because our systems are connected. Yes, this viewpoint is based on cellular intelligence, that gives rise in organization to more complex intelligence.

There is a lot of obvious evidence for this, including the astounding complexity of our overall function, as well as new studies about intracellular communication through bioluminescence, or light and electricity.

A broadening awareness of the human as multiple levels of intelligent life means shifting behavior. But a medical treatment such as bombarding the body with ionizing radiation, when that causes further DNA damage, reflects a fundamental misunderstanding.

The alternative is to work cooperatively with the body, even cancer cells – which again, may be attempting to develop a more advanced regenerative pathway. This is of course worth further study, especially since fighting methods are proving ineffectual.

Already promising, new noninvasive treatments have emerged that are more respectful to the body, include sonic and ultrasonic.

Consider the possibilities of the immortal cell. Imagine them dividing on a scaffold, according to a plan mapped out by machine learning, to re-grow a new fully compatible limb for someone. Or the fully realized pathway enhancing our natural self healing abilities.

432 hz

Perhaps the multitude of fighting-against drugs and treatments have been punishing a nascent quality that wants to come into being, yet in beta, working out the evolutionary bugs.

It’s become apparent in different fields and sectors that the only sustainable way forward for our lives is that of synergy with nature for a positive and productive future. While dramatic shifts may exactly not be the answer, significant systemic ones are, using new formulations and tools.

While it may be a norm of sorts, continuing to lay siege to microworld, and our own biology, is counterproductive towards longevity goals. Yet another example of “as above so below,” people still lay siege to each other, without seeming to know what else to do.

Quite simply the immune or inflammatory response would be lessened with less attack and more respect for life. The body contains its ecosystems, as the Earth marvelously does. Human mentality, a middle ground, has the opportunity to be less disruptive and to observe and learn more.

In medicine, noninvasive sound and light techniques are a great start, in part a revival of ancient inspired and indigenous plant and energy medicines. There is still a lot of room for it to be dazzlingly high-tech though, the cutting edge without the cutting. It’s time for partnership with our biology for a new age.

Studio Shangri-La Lab: Designing A Light Array For The Non-Toxic Photocatalysis Of Plastics

Author: Sarah K. Ikerd, Studio Shangri-La, sarah.ikerd@studio-shangri-la.com

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379960840_Designing_A_Light_Array_For_The_Non-Toxic_Photocatalysis_Of_Plastics

Abstract: In response to the urgent need for sustainable solutions to plastic waste, this study explores a novel home-safe photocatalysis process aimed at converting plastic waste into primarily water and hydrogen gas. Leveraging principles of redox chemistry and UV light irradiation, the process demonstrates promising results in experiments, with potential implications for overall waste reduction and environmental remediation. The importance of this research lies in its potential to address the pressing issue of plastic pollution while offering a non-toxic and accessible method for waste management at the household level. By challenging existing paradigms and applying innovative technologies, this study contributes to the ongoing efforts to create a more sustainable future. Further experimentation and refinement of the process are underway, with implications for scalable implementation and real-world application. This research underscores the value of interdisciplinary approaches and grassroots innovation in addressing global environmental challenges.

Methods & Results:

Thus far the early stage results of photocatalysis for PET and PETE plastic are promising with results from both steady and flashing UV-A black lights at 380-400 nm, 20W per light, for 30 minutes. The two 120 degree beam lights were placed on either side of the bottle, and surrounded by galvanized steel and aluminum in two different types of enclosures so far, a trunk and a shelf. Part of the goal is versatility and safety, so there are number of constraints that have to be satisfied, such as not having to be airtight, especially to adapt this to trash receptacles of different kinds. The most recent iteration of the lights is that they are also waterproof and cordless.

Going forward, the process needs bandwidth that covers UV-A, B and C, and enhancement of the following factors in order to be truly successful with different materials:

Strength / Power of the lights
Timing / Rhythm of the flashing
Variability / Different Configurations or Patterns of the lights

An effective circular ‘trash can of the future’ will need to contain a photochemical process that has different settings, so a grid or matrix of lights, that could adapt combing sweeps through the corresponding bands of the electromagnetic spectrum needed for the materials.

For PET, a common plastic, the known degradation wavelength is around 300-330 nanometers, and this varies for other types of plastics. And the UV range matches this, and so this is a great starting point. And there are other advantages to employing UV-C, because it is known for removal of VOCs, HCHO (formaldehyde) and Carbon Dioxide. In other words, it neutralizes some potential toxicity. During one test so far, UV-C was included and there was a marked improvement in air quality both inside and outside the container. The manner of photomixing and strength of the lights will definitely be modified going forward, though.

Discussion:

Eventually, the device sequence would need to activate the electronic excitations necessary to facilitate nuclear transmutations, that coalesce into harmless and beneficial byproducts such as Water, Hydrogen, Vinegar and Sugar. In the grand cosmic scheme, even a stubborn-to-degrade chain of polymers like Polypropylene is not too many degrees removed from the elements Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. And although the chemical properties of the phases of water are complex, it is structurally simple.

A general formula that leaves room for more experimentation at this stage is:

C10H8O4 (PET) + nH2O + UV light [+ Catalyst] -> xH2 + yH2O

Here is a longer pathway:

C10H8O4 (PET) + nH2O + UV light + Catalyst ->

Resulting in:

C6H12O6 (sugar) + C2H4O2 (acetic acid) + H2 (hydrogen gas) + H2O (water)

There the byproducts are sugar, vinegar, hydrogen and water.

A possible further transformation of sugar is as follows:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

And for acetic acid:

C2H4O2 + 2O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H2O

Water is a highly desirable byproduct, and the LED sheets or arrays should be waterproof to accommodate, and the sheets applied with a radiation resistant bioadhesive inside a radiation safe (outer) and reflective (inner) container. Given the different settings, there could also be a connected software program in the future. This depends on how effective the main sequence becomes. That is, running the most effective photochemical light combination that would morph or irradiate one polymer chain into another or others, effectively bypassing potentially toxic states, creating favorable redox reactions.

Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. Within this context of PET degradation — all of this is based on the concept of optimizing redox reactions to break down the polymer chains and produce from them simpler molecules by photoexcitation. Another wonderful example of this leaping phases concept already being put to use is flash graphene, which converts waste by fast high temperature or “flash joule” vaporization.(1)

Beginning tests in a galvanized steel trunk

Conclusions:

And it may beneficial considering other possibilities within this set of experiments, like calculating the triple point — or the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium. By utilizing the conditions near the triple point, that could potentially facilitate decomposition into water and hydrogen gas. Something else to consider is adding a catalyst such as metal oxide. Also, molecular resonance and acoustic techniques.

Going even further out, to consider the light matrix as a way of patterning or training what the molecules synthesize, such as by flashing the shape sequence of the macromolecule as an entrainment code, followed by flashing the sequence of the destination molecule.

There are many next steps to take, yet is a compelling point to report findings. Next, in addition to equipment acquisition and further testing, it may be helpful mapping out electron orbitals and how they interact with the light, to make the energetic leaps for transformation, thereby elucidating photochemical pathways and better understanding the underlying mechanisms.

Despite there being numerous possibilities, the overall direction is to keep the device process as simple and streamlined as possible, to what will logically be most efficient. And any discoveries and observations along the way, such as the entrainment or syncing that occurred between the two lights, make the venture that much more valuable.

Precision optics and bioelectronics hold tremendous promise not only for advanced waste management, but also many other leading-edge technologies like tissue regeneration for regenerative medicine, unlocking a new dimension of sustainable synergy and understanding.

“Gram-scale bottom-up flash graphene synthesis“ | Duy X. Luong, Ksenia V. Bets, Wala Ali Algozeeb, Michael G. Stanford, Carter Kittrell, Weiyin Chen, Rodrigo V. Salvatierra, Muqing Ren, Emily A. McHugh, Paul A. Advincula, Zhe Wang, Mahesh Bhatt, Hua Guo, Vladimir Mancevski, Rouzbeh Shahsavari, Boris I. Yakobson & James M. Tour | Nature 2020 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1938-0

Studio Shangri-La Design + Lab: Bold Projects, Cures & Legacy Value

It comes to this — who will bravely build the cures for the greater value of benefit to society and legacy.

On more than one occasion I’ve heard representatives from large institutions say they’re afraid of cures or solutions. From a business or competitive standpoint then, losing profit, running out of challenges or ideas to solve? Seems unlikely, though, in the immediate and near future. Embracing innovation will prove profitable in more ways than one, long after graduation from Ferengi-dom. As with forecasting, that is improving with AI.

It is unethical and dangerous to perpetuate or market problems for the sake of profit. Cancer is an example, with an industry around its existence, or any other disorder or dis-ease, prolonged through seemingly endless research of elaborate bandaid fixes, galas and fundraisers.

Going forward, part of the Studio Shangri-La vision is to pursue the conceptualization and design builds of a few very ambitious projects and maintaining artistic endeavors as well. And meanwhile, naming them here is somewhat bold.

Ideas matter. No matter what they say. And of course it’s important to act on them.

Here are a group of potentially high impact projects and avenues of discovery, big ideas that inspire and to share:

~ Photochemical / catalysis process for the ‘trash can of the future’ — this is underway.

Further testing involves configuring a light array to handle a variety of materials. The focus is the nuclear transmutation of plastic molecules into other useful byproducts such as Water, Hydrogen, Vinegar & Sugar.

~ Reverse oxidation process based on magnesium staking

https://www.brighamhealthonamission.org/2018/12/11/focused-ultrasound-noninvasive-surgery-stops-tremor-in-its-tracks/

~ Comprehensive nano and micro resonance / sonic treatment for cancer

With Full recognition of lifestyle and environment factors to achieve real cures.
Focusing on cell dispersion and not killing / death
I have a somewhat controversial view on cancer that it could represent in some cases the creation / mutation of the immortal cell or attempts at regenerating whatever damaged organ.

~ Vibroacoustic Therapy for various disorders such as neuropathy, Sonic Entrainment for neurological disorders such as Epilepsy, Sono and Optogenetics / Other Sound & Light Therapy regimes/recipes

~ Universal Electric Crate Motor to convert fossil fuel vehicles [that self charges]

* Electric crate motors already exist but they’re still very expensive and vary with different types of cars. Self charging through vacuum energy perhaps.

~ Integrated Deep Space Propulsion System

Materials driven, by interaction with the space environment and space weather, including a system of interfacing nodes and devices at key coordinates

https://scitechdaily.com/interstellar-travel-magnetic-fusion-plasma-engines-could-carry-us-across-the-solar-system-and-beyond/

~ Teleportation, coupling biology and physics

* This is the most bizarre item on the list of consideration, yet deliberate quantum entanglement of molecules has already occurred so this is theoretically possible.

https://physicsworld.com/a/quantum-teleportation-moves-into-the-third-dimension/

And here’s a few other projects somewhat easier to attain:

~ Formulation line of plant-based rapid biodegradable containers (for products listed below) that can be 3D printed for different specific purposes, like a lipstick tube or brush.

My hesitation in producing packaged products before stemmed from creating more trash that would sit around for a while.

https://inhabitat.com/emerging-objects-creates-eco-friendly-3d-printing-materials/

~ Non toxic and nourishing adaptogenic cosmetics and self-care health (a continuation of an existing project) and other common household products – no deals to include unnecessary ingredients!

~ More Sustainable artworks, non toxic and biodegradable

* Such as the use of bamboo & rice paper, untreated canvas, upcycled materials, not using chemicals that have known adverse effects.

~ Adaptable rainwater collection systems, other sustainability mods for existing structures & sustems

Studio Shangri-La will have a facility in the near future, and one day soon will be hiring. In the meantime, the first focus is photocatalysis for waste management, which addresses the very important global issue of plastic pollution and public health.

The overall vision for Studio Shangri-La is synthesizing information and reactions in a new non destructive context, looking at issues from new angles and different dimensions, unboxing perspective. How well will these advanced concepts work? A great way to find out is through ideation and analysis, then experimentation through design build.

Many if not all of these concepts or their components are already being put into practice on different levels. Sound medicine is an example taking flight, taking a page from Rife’s research book. Many sound and light devices, and other tools are already on the market, if not the comprehensive strategy for using them, as well as public acceptance, yet that too is fast improving. The more there merrier.

https://aminoco.com/blogs/recovery/cellular-regeneration

In a cosmos of ideas, these are but a few. We live in an extraordinary era, however turbulent, at which so much information and knowledge is at our fingertips and within conscious awareness. Do you have ideas? Let them live and breathe.

As an end note, I also think it’s important to be the creature in the tree chilling out sometimes too — Especially from a regenerative longevity perspective. There can be just as much value in that. As much as I enjoy projects, I am not a grind-til-you-die type; I’m a creatively explore until you’re timeless type.

Health + Innovation: Non-Invasive Medicines Of The Future Now

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

Dr. McCoy: My god, what is this, the Dark Ages? Here, you swallow that. If you have a problem, just call me…

Intern #1: Weintrub said radical chemotherapy or she’s gonna croak… Dr. McCoy: Unbelievable. Intern #1: You have a different view, Doctor? McCoy: It sounds like the goddam Spanish Inquisition!

McCoy: My God, man, drilling holes in his head isn’t the answer! Now put away your butcher knives and let me save this patient before it’s too late! … We’re dealing with medievalism here! … Chemotherapy!

Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, (1986)

The voyage home here in healthcare and medicine, is towards biocompatibility and body respect, a reintegration of nature, turning away from violent methods and including enlightened modernism. I’m thankful for the popular visionaries such as those of Star Trek, because they envisioned a harmonious combination of ancient energy medicine and technology.

The medicine of the future is indeed here now, with sound or acoustics, optics or light, electromagnetism and ancient earth or plant medicine. This stands in stark contrast to primitive and toxic treatments, such as chemotherapy. In a way they seem vestiges of medievalism, conquest and Victorian fetishistic neuroticism, that brought about the likes of “scientific” animal testing and breaking people’s jaws to make the teeth straight.

In fact, sound, light and vibration treatments are relatively safe to test on humans and have proven beneficial. However, you still see in case studies published online, researchers testing something innocuous like vibration for neuropathy on damaged and confused rats.

Vibration and Vibroacoustic therapy is definitely an example of a test that people such as those with neuropathy would want to participate in! Vibration and massage, as well as light such as LED Blue, have also proven effective in dentistry, along with herbs and minerals of earth medicine. If one has to have deliberate treatment for something, or maintenance, it’s important to be just as aware of the body / biology respectful choice instead of a painful, invasive choice that could adversely affect overall health, function and longevity.

Invasive methods can exacerbate and mess with immune response. A body attacking itself leads a body attacking itself from the inside. It’s confusing. (Cell: “Okay, I did that voluntarily, some levels up… Soo, I have to defend myself from myself? ) From this viewpoint, more harmonious non-invasive methods are absolutely necessary for medical progress and helping eradicate some (possibly artificial) lifestyle-induced ailments, as well as environmental factors such as fossil fuel exhaust and proliferation of other known to be harmful chemical substances. Other destructive habits send confusing messages as well. It’s important to emphasize from a health standpoint the importance of indeed more self love, listening to the body as the self, and cultivation of peaceful behavior, because of the emotional/mental and physiological connection, and what happens on a deeper cellular level. You’ll see some people deteriorate more while others continue with vibrancy. And in part the difference is the programming, the behavior and so the evolution.

Fortunately, non-invasive methods and therapies of various kinds have penetrated the mainstream. This includes but is not limited to: massage, vibration, vibroacoustic therapy, deliberate exercise, sound frequency (entrainment, binaural, bath, etc) therapy, light therapy (such as Red LED) , electromagnetic field therapy, targeted adaptogenic plant medicines (such as astragalus and lion’s mane), meditations for mental health, etc. All of these amount to making gentler, more coherent changes of patterning and movement that are synergetic with body processes and systems. Some of them are more natural and ‘diy;’ others involve beneficial technological intervention, the type of wise utopian tech that we all deserve. One bright avenue is light and acoustics for cellular regeneration.

And here’s an excellent recent example of non-invasive going mainstream: the FDA approval of Focused Ultrasound or “MRI Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS). Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston now offers this and it’s a combination MRI to target deep tissue without incisions or potentially harmful radiation, and focused ultra sound to treat the issue. This methods combined show tremendous promise for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer. Another bright avenue is cellular regeneration.

Looking at the electromagnetic frequency and acoustic frequency spectrum diagrams above, you can see how ultrasound would be useful in reaching the nanoscale levels and not necessarily effecting the larger topical tissue. There is of course much more exciting research to be done in this area, of non-invasive and energy medicines, and more lifestyle oriented modalities.

Concerning safe ordinary use, there’s a lot of tools available outside of the doctor’s office, such as sauna and steam room, vibroacoustic and light therapy tools, and different kinds of massage apparatus like a Thera-gun, which have fortunately become relatively common. It helps a lot to take proactive, preventative, and enjoyable self care approach.

I’m thankful and intrigued by the intersectionality of my projects lately. That is, the crossover between music and sound, light and health, physics and chemistry. As an aside — I think the small narrowband (flashing) amount of exposure I’ve had to UV light while testing the ‘black pearl’ photocatalysis process has cleared up a skin irritation I had — there’s existing scientific case study evidence for that kind of phototherapy too. In trying to create the ‘trash can of the future’ (see previous posts) I am encountering other beautiful and effective phenomena like that and entrainment, lights or oscillators syncing with each other, which I mentioned before.

Studio Shangri-La Research Notes: Pathways From Plastic To Water

In constructing a process and device that uses a photochemistry to break down or rather transform plastics into useful byproducts such as water and hydrogen, it becomes necessary to delve into of course photonics, chemistry, physics, earth science and of course experimentation, application of the concepts in a learn-by-doing style. Climate action is of course paramount in the world right now. I was not exposed to this future-now approach in school, but this way of learning within goal driven context and purpose has been not only effective but also really enjoyable. I’ve no doubt been influenced by my experiences and interactions with MIT in the past couple of years, including this being part of this year’s MIT Solve Climate Adaptation Challenge. MIT’s motto is “Mens Et Manus,” mind and hands — that is to bring the knowledge one gains into practice.

The photocatalytic process for a ‘trash can of the future’ I’m fun-lovingly calling the ‘Black Pearl’ for now, as I found a stainless steel 3d model of the ship while I was first beginning to run tests and the first iteration was in a galvanized steel trunk. It has a rebellious and novel aura to it, especially given I am not currently attached to any research institution and represent my own multimedia company. Given my love of art and science, it feels like the most natural thing in the world to explore life and the way it works. The most important part of this to me is to make it work, not whether I am conforming to all the exact social codes by not being enrolled in a graduate program or whether I am offending anyone’s sensibilities with my natural inquisitiveness, for whatever silly reason — an eventual working device like this would represent one major solution to a global problem: trash, specifically plastic waste, which has adversely effected worldwide eco- systems and public health.

Okay, let’s get into it.

The exploration here is of plausible potential non-combustible pathways from plastic to water, given the right conditions. I’ve seen it start working with PET and PETE in the presence of relatively slow flashing UV black lights on the half second.

What does that mean? It means favorable redox or oxidation-reduction reactions, under certain conditions, and here, light irradiation.

The general hypothetical chemical formula at this stage is:

C10H8O4 (PET) + nH2O + UV light + Catalyst -> xH2 + yH2O

Here is a longer pathway:

C10H8O4 (PET) + nH2O + UV light + Catalyst ->

resulting in

C6H12O6 (sugar) + C2H4O2 (acetic acid) + H2 (hydrogen gas) + H2O (water)

So at this stage the byproducts are sugar, vinegar, hydrogen and water.

The possible further transformation of sugar is as follows:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

And for acetic acid:

C2H4O2 + 2O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H2O

https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1074408/view/polyethylene-terephthalate-polyester-chemical-structure

Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. Within this context of PET degradation, one can optimize redox reactions to break down the polymer chains and produce simpler molecules by photoexcitation. I don’t think it’s too much to request, so to speak, to ask for the default building blocks of life.

Another potential to possibly consider in this project is the “triple point” of substances — the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases of the substance coexist in equilibrium! By utilizing the conditions near the triple point of PET, that could potentially facilitate its decomposition into water and hydrogen gas.

https://www.collegesidekick.com/study-guides/introchem/the-structure-and-properties-of-water

The formulas will necessarily be modified as I go along and introduce different variables and how one gets from A to B or A to C! Electron exchange is important and regulating to find the pathways.

https://www.ntotank.com/blog/what-is-polypropylene

Most recently, I tested polypropylene with both steady and flashing lights, but that did not yield visible results. It’ll be necessary to get much more specific of course in optimizing the light configurations, materials and conditions. There’s a lot to choose from, so it’s important to analyze what would work best and most efficiently, and then test the candidates. For now, the home testing may actually prove beneficial in minimal but possibly mighty modifications.

https://sciencenotes.org/redox-reactions-identify-and-balance-oxidation-and-reduction/

Ultimately, the water and hydrogen gas produced could be separated and purified using techniques such as condensation, filtration, or distillation. Being valuable, the separated byproducts can then be stored and used for different applications.

Going forward with testing — light intensity, reaction conditions, other catalysts such as metal oxides, and the specific mechanisms will be examined, considered and selectively implemented, and safety first and foremost, to produce non toxic sustainable results.

I am also considering sonic modulation, using molecular weight to resonance conversions.

Studio Shangri-La Lab Notes: From Plastic To Water By Photochemistry

To say that the successful and so far safe transformation, or alchemization, from plastic to water is a pleasant surprise is an understatement. I’m excited on different levels – pun intended – to discover that the ideal expected outcome is possible, of safely using UV lights to photocatalyze plastic into water is practical. There are of course adjustments that need to be made, such as the housing and intensity of light.

This device is inspired by Complex and simultaneous redox reactions occur in the upper atmosphere and in clouds for example, in which elements transform into substance by way of light(ning) or energetic radiation. UV is one light amidst photochemical reactions that also participates in the creation of ozone.

Reaction kinetics or dynamics are at play here, the interconnectedness of chemical reactions, also the interconnected of flow from hydrogen to carbon and back again which is quite cosmic, and also to a certain degree the quantum observer effect as the experiment cooperates in a way with the conditions/constraints.

Screenshot
Screenshot

The most recent test was purposefully unusual, being only partially contained. The idea for this device is based, after all, on open systems approach and earth science-based atmospheric behaviors. I wanted to isolate the efficacy of the flashing lights themselves, now cordless, given what I had at the time. After all, the process has to work in different environments and not be too sensitive.

This test was not as safe as the others in that it wasn’t as isolated from the surrounding environment, but I wanted to determine the effectiveness of simplicity — the lights themselves and the flashing. Also, I kept monitoring air quality and it remained in the green “Good” zone. (Up next, I need to get a radiation monitor, test the water, better visual monitoring etc. It should be noted that the tests are short and the power of the lights relatively low.)

So the major result of the test: The flashing results in water creation. Even though the container was open by contrast to closed last time, I got a little bit of water. Once again, just inside the bottle with no other condensation droplets around it, and none outside the bottle. Last time the bottle was PET; this time is was PETE.

The flashing as I understand it seems to modulate reaction pathways. (See also “flash graphene.”) And this time since I could sort of see what was going on. Also on video, and in person, I observed the very interesting effect of entrainment. That is, the rhythm or flow of something causing the other to synchronize. The two lights were facing each other and started at two different times, flashing opposite each other and then they drifted towards flashing together! Beautiful, an experiment within an experiment.

The lights interacted and given they were not directly connected, that’s indirect optical coupling. Entrainment is a common phenomenon that occurs between oscillators or rhythmic systems, biological or electronic, with the potential for resonance, or amplification.

Sounds great to me. A synthesis of my favorite subjects, including music. Also- moving or editing things with light and sound in a way that is a bit more synergetic.

I have yet to test the lights at different speeds. That would require additional equipment. There are a number of other variable modifications to test. What’s most important is that the base hypothesis is correct. Yes, it is possible to safely break down plastic to water, at home. Efficacy and power in completely converting the plastic, and speed, will be addressed next, and onward toward the continued journey of product scaling.

Overall, this definitely shines as an example of aspiring circular biomimicry and biosynergy. The earth self regulates and balances in intelligent ways. Yes, I do mean to refer to the Earth as a multilevel organism with its own kind of intelligence and even decision-making capabilities.

I’m navigating a sampling of these systems and phenomena on board the ‘Black Pearl,’ although there was more of a Pandora’s disco Box look to this latest iteration. In reality, science is both explainable (the what and how if not the exact why) and amazing, magical and mysterious, particularly optics. And there is more territory to chart. Even the observer effect, my interaction with the experiments is explainable, yet nonetheless spectacular for the explaining— more so.

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Studio Shangri-La Lab Notes: Improved Air Quality & Flashing Lights

Preliminary results

Here comes Earth Month and onwards with the journey of the ‘Black Pearl’ — testing title only. It will definitely receive an uncontested name later on. Interestingly, the next emissions and variation test yielded even more improved air quality. The difference here was improving the components to be more streamlined, and the lights were flashing at roughly 1 second intervals.

It’s definitely one thing to have a great idea — that’s important — and then quite another to start building that idea and begin effectively bringing it to life. If the idea is strong and cohesive enough, it partly seems to bring itself to life! That’s another matter. The process uses both inductive and deductive reasoning.

Because of some unforeseen testing results, the vision for the photocatalytic trash can has grown even better. The vision has grown from a portable device that completely breaks down (plastic) waste safely into harmless byproduct — to specifying that byproduct can indeed be water and harmless, even beneficial gases like hydrogen. So it triples as an air purifier.

I’m assuming the process is emitting hydrogen gas, which is good, because that has been known to reduce CO2. That’ll be another subject of further testing and analysis.

As you can see in the video, the most recent test yielded a small amount of water. Next time I’m going to film the entire process inside the container so there is proof and so I can see it too. I am of course learning even more as I go. I will also need to begin testing the water content.

This time when I opened the container, unlike a previous test, the water was only inside the container, and not pooling underneath it. The bottle was dry of course beforehand. And surrounding the collection of water inside the bottle, there were no condensation droplets and the temperature was cool.

I have more tests to run of course to isolate exactly what’s working and analyze. This will be both fun and very interesting. And it is indeed magical. That’s the beauty of light, atmospheric nature and electrons for you! : )

May the strong and weak forces be with this endeavor, and all others like it, in cleaning up our Earth and evolving our systems.

Imagine the ‘Black Pearl’ in one of these

OCTAVES Music Update: Tech Opera, Deep Techno & Alt Pop

Out just yesterday is the 4th movement of the Electric Echoes cosmic tech opera, “We Are The Tech Of The Tech Of The Tech.” The complete opera will be 9 movements. This movement is about one form of life stemming from the next and being interconnected. Each mythological character in this movement embodies a realm, from the cosmic forces, microbes, to planetary bodies and people. And they each sing a stanza about their role in the cosmos. The plot thickens further in the next movement, “The Chorus Of Harmonic Minds Evolving Entropy.”

Although I have been using AI on lyrics for a techy flavor, I am proceeding on the next movements with entirely my own, as I am accustomed to doing. For the largest musical composition I’ve done yet, it’s been helpful to have that assist, but it’s more artistically satisfying to get back to the poetry since I enjoy the entire creative composition process.

Also already released on OCTAVES is the Artemis Amenti alt pop song “Status Quo.”

The song is about transcending limiting beliefs to live more freely and peacefully to one’s open ended potential.

Next Friday, Maunakea, a deep techno track is coming to Beatport, Spotify and more. This track is inspired by the tallest – submerged – peak on Earth and the “hidden” realms or worlds being revealed by science and technology, or the hidden worlds / ‘pocket universe’ of each individual and organism. Maunkea in Hawaii is also home to an astronomical observatory. Musically, the track reaches for low bass and high synth. The peak the track is literally a visual peak with the midi notes ascending in one part and descend in another creating also the visual of a mountain submerged in the ‘water’ of other notes.

Maunakea can represent what can be hidden in plain sight, like the deep sea. This is a great analogy for cosmic exploration as well, as different methods of detection scan different frequency ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, to reveal what we can’t see from Earth.

Studio Shangri-La Lab Notes: Monitoring Emissions Pt. 2 + Managing Prototype Design

Recently I completed a course on Agile Project Management, and that has been a great accompaniment to beginning the prototype build for a portable photocatalytic or photodegradation system.

One important point before proceeding with the fun testing is that all the components truly fulfill the design and product requirements, and address any issues directly as they arise. Electrical hazard has to be averted. And it makes a lot of sense to make the design more artful right away. The art aesthetics can also be mechanical advantages.

The next step is to modify some components for safety and streamlining the design, such that it could translate to numerous situations — from a public trash receptacle to a waste management center to the main product, a trash can you can use at home.

Of course this would be an extraordinary trash can capable of converting plastic to useful byproduct such as water. I have had preliminary positive results with UV light, the same sort of effect that would occur in a landfill, yet the eventual desired outcome is efficiency and speed. This in combination with innovation also makes that Agile course relevant.

Green ‘utopian’ tech such as this must necessarily come into existence. Generally speaking, this is an avenue for further human ingenuity, value, exploration and fulfillment, with AI in the mix for calculation and consultation.

There are leaps that our amazing brains can make that far and differently exceed AI. Imagination should not be underestimated, because AI comes from human imagination. I made the idea and design leap; now I am asking questions along the way with my design build to fill in the gaps, such as optimizing components and placement given their qualities and interactions.

The most recent emissions test for CO2, TVOCs and HCHO (formaldehyde) found the air quality around and inside the Black Pearl actually improved. So that is going very well. It’ll be a balance of course going forward as the photocatalysis gets more effective. To be continued.

Studio Shangri-La Lab Notes: Monitoring Emissions Part 1

The most recent testing of the trash can of the future’s photocatalytic process featured monitoring emissions, which is of course important for safety in the immediate environment, and in the bigger picture. Safety and ease of use at home are very important design constraints.

The process in the container cannot be hazardous, or “off-gassing” noxious substances. This first monitoring test, I tracked CO2, TVOC or “Total Volatile Organic Compounds” and HCHO or Formaldehyde. Fortunately, for the most part, everything stayed in the green GOOD zone, with the exception of CO2 inside the container which came up “OKAY.”

The physical design so far uses galvanized steel, aluminum, UV light. The UV can neutralize some VOCs and HCHO, and has also been known to reduce CO2.

—In order for this to be a truly effective climate action solution and product, emissions monitoring is a from-the-beginning design constraint that has to be met. Another one is for the test to remain short duration, because the other goal besides safety is speed of effectiveness.

Another goal is for the process and product to translate to different circumstances, such as a public recycling bin, or maybe I should decycling or upcycling bin!

At this point I think it is quite ridiculous for any companies to persist in mass producing plastics as they have been, prone to accumulation and very slow to break down. It makes great sense to make biocompatible materials that have known catalysts for their expedient breakdown.—

In other testing news, while I was waiting for other components I tested a full spectrum light in the container with the others. I saw a little bit of cracking in the plastic bottle, but there was too much heat. The full spectrum light was/is not part of the original plan.

What is part of the plan is using photochemically complementary lights that that cause “redox” or oxidation-reduction reactions. Photosynthesis is a great wonderfully efficient example of this light driven electron transfer. The combination of reactions or interactions transform into harmless and even desirable byproducts. PET for example, is after all a chain of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen units.

Next though, before going too much further with lighting, is radiation monitoring. Radiation should be offset by the container materials.

Studio Shangri-La Lab Notes: The “Black Pearl” Explores Earth Science & Photochemistry

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Now dubbed “The Black Pearl” during testing, the galvanized steel trunk I am using to create to the ‘trash can of the future’ is housing an experimental photocatalytic process — using light(s) to break down plastics in particular, to harmless and useful byproduct.

The set-up is inspired by the sun and the organism earth’s atmosphere. In that way, the Black Pearl is a form of biomimicry, that aims to speed up and enhance natural processes.

The past few days I have been running very simple tests to see how effective the first kind of light configuration is and under very simple circumstances, adding or removing one element at a time. After all, it has to be safe for the home with no unusual requirements for set-up. My next step is to measure possible emissions and then the pH of any water created.

https://ipactive.com.au/how-ready-are-you/

Yesterday and today I have begun to apply for grants and other support, which involves assessing what stage the green tech is at and my vision going forward.

Ideally, the Black Pearl represents an efficient and non toxic process. In its most ideal form it produces purified water.

The implications of the proliferation of the successful type of process and product are tremendous, to the tune of substantial tons of plastic being removed from the environment, and tens to hundreds of millions of tons of subsequent CO2 removal.

Keywords: Photocatalysis, Redox, Fusion, Sublimation.

Some other big ideas = Reverse rusting, a universal crate motor for car/vehicle conversions that doesn’t require charging.

P.S. Believe in the beauty of your ideas!

Upcoming On OCTAVES Music: Electric Echoes — We Are The Tech Of The Tech Of The Tech

The next and fifth movement of my cosmic tech opera Electric Echoes is “We Are The Tech Of The Tech Of The Tech” which is quite simply an expression of cosmic heritage and interconnectedness.

The characters are as follows:

Stellaris – Embodiment of Stars and Planetary Bodies

Micros – Embodiment of Microbes and Life at the Microscopic Level

Anthropos – Embodiment of Humanity

Technos – Embodiment of Artificial Intelligence and Technology

Cosmai – Embodiment of Cosmic Intelligence and Universal Consciousness

I’ve been using generative AI or chat, GPT as a collaborator to help me with structure, character development, and lyrics, as I am doing all the music and vocals. It helps to delegate with a big project like this! And the program has been very helpful as I go along. For this movement, AI had some very inspiring words to say about the character of Anthropos representing humanity, and I used that paragraph verbatim. You can see what GPT had to say in the images below.

Musically, each of the characters has a different vocal sound, and some of them are somewhat distorted and alien sounding like Micros. and surprisingly enough to me, I started taking a tonal cloud approach and creating some shapes like DNA and keys with the synth input. You can see examples of that in the images below.

Studio Shangri-La Lab Notes: The Trash Can Of The Future / Photocatalysis Of Plastics

It is wonderful to get started on the prototype design for my photocatalysis / photodegradation process for using light to break down plastics, to incorporate into a “the trash can of the future,” a novel approach that removes and prevents trash from circulating in the environment.

This idea I originally submitted to the MIT Solve climate adaptation challenge when it was in the rough idea phase, so it was not selected for funding at that juncture.

Now, the device is materializing from idea into reality. The first test went much better than expected, even producing some water as byproduct. Today, I followed the successful 30 minute trial, I started making design modifications.

Sometimes great results come from using what one has, alongside a strong idea. I am seeking support and funding though, as this will become necessary.

Interested in getting involved, and helping this utopian eco-tech come to fruition? Please drop me a line or donate to the GoFundMe: https://gofund.me/34ca6439

Supplies are much needed, from lighting to emissions testing equipment. The road to completing a safe and operation device will be much more efficient with support. Thanks in advance! And I look forward to posting more updates on this.

Materials Composition: The Hidden Dimension Of Aerospace

“Electrostatic Love” by Studio Shangri-La

Up until now, the most common materials, both lightweight and strong, for spaceships and satellites have included aluminum alloys, titanium, carbon composites, and steel. More generally speaking, alloys and composites. Alloys are a mixture of metals and metal with non-metal; composites are a combination of materials with very different compositions. And for aerospace, they have to withstand extreme conditions such as large temperature variations, atmospheric pressure differences, radiation exposure, and impact. (1)

One especially compelling reason for the use of “metamaterials,” or synthetic composites, in space is that they can be fine tuned or specialized for novel performance. And “meta” means “beyond.” An example of a novel or unnatural behavior is with stacked graphene, the layers exhibit unconventional and advantageous magnetism. (2) And one prominent use of metamaterial in action lately is the NASA solar sail. Exotic custom materials seem like the perfect choice for the exotic space environment(s).

The space environment is unnatural to us, yet there it waits in its vastness for our exploration, asking that humanity get beyond the exploitation of militarism, to invest in the expansion of life, rather than death. The cosmos is nature, and also our home, just a bit more difficult for us to access, like the deep sea here on Earth.

Among other uses, metamaterials could help build the bridge to interstellar civilization, alongside quantum mechanics, electronics, magnetism and acoustics. Space, after all, is not a void, and is rich with particles and electromagnetic frequencies and fields. And advances in imaging and detection continue to yield more detail of this “unseen” realm.

Metamaterials offer great possibilities in many sectors due to their unusual properties: Miniaturization, and their ability through patterned artisanal design to interface with cosmic forces, such as the electrostatic field. They form a relatively new and exciting branch of material science.

Imagine a propellantless spacecraft! The company Falcon Space for one is currently is – that uses its structure and composition for propulsion, with significantly reduced weight. This is deep circular tech on the atomic and subatomic levels, making use of “alternative physics.” (3)

So what are some of promising metamaterials in development for aerospace? And what are the qualities that make them such?

One example of a useful quality is “negative refractive index” which means that the material reverses wave propagation. That would lend itself well to shielding. And “split ring resonators” to adjust electromagnetic response.

The overall ability of these designer polymers to manipulate electromagnetic waves can help navigate the space environment, with micro interactions interfacing with macro phenomena, such as stellar wind and electric currents and the cosmic web.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2542529322002176

“Chapter 2: Aerospace Materials Characteristics” | Biliyar N. Bhat, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180001137/downloads/20180001137.pdf
“From a five-layer graphene sandwich, a rare electronic state emerges” | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | October 2023 | https://phys.org/news/2023-10-five-layer-graphene-sandwich-rare-electronic.html#:~:text=Now%2C%20MIT%20physicists%20have%20discovered,which%20the%20team%20has%20coined
”Technologies” | Falcon Space | https://www.falconspace.org/#technologies
“Metamaterials for Aerospace Applications“ | Defense Intelligence Reference Document | 6 April 2010 | Defense Intelligence Agency https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/dird/metamaterials-applications.pdf

Measures Of Intelligence: Efficiency, Density & Magnitude

https://www.americanscientist.org/article/twisted-math-and-beautiful-geometry

Logarithmic mathematical scales represent orders of Magnitude or proportional relationships. A measure like IQ however is linear and only applies to humans, though. And while some of life is linear—

Intelligence is a complex and multifaceted emergence, and not unique to humans. IQ has been more of a shorthand for convenience anyway, not capturing the full picture of multiple types, such as spatial or naturalistic, of intelligence and does not apply to other organisms. I realize that some may consider one form or just a few forms of human biological intelligence to be superior. Human intelligence, though, is the conglomerate of the evolution of other intelligences, from a great tapestry. And I consider the total intelligence of our biological lives completely amazing.

Here I consider other existing constructs that exhibit types of intelligence -from a modern day multidimensional viewpoint, that includes but is not limited to linear processes. Cognition or mind is increasingly shown as a quantum cloud, rather than a sequential computer. Although, algorithms are becoming more advanced in order to fulfill and aid more advanced problem solving in nature. Conversely, there are situations in which the pure logic of sequencing is advantageous, such as optimizing physical properties.

A natural elegant logarithmic expression occurs in the beautiful nautilus. Quite remarkably, as the animal grows, it adds new chambered sections to its shell in a way that follows a logarithmic spiral. The result is an intricate structure that provides buoyancy and protection for the nautilus. And it’s known for its relative longevity.

This logarithmic spiral pattern is also found in various natural phenomena, including certain plants, galaxies, and hurricanes.The form represents optimal packing and energy efficiency. And in a way, this can be considered a form of organizational intelligence.

The mathematical equation that describes a logarithmic spiral is r = a * e^(bθ), where “r” is the distance from the center, “a” and “b” are constants, and “θ” is the angle.(1)(2)

Another important logarithmic related phenomenon in nature is the inverse concept of exponential growth or decay.

While not so obvious in physical structure as a logarithmic spiral, exponential growth and decay processes are fundamental in various natural systems and can be described using logarithmic functions. This is important such subjects as biology, physics, chemistry, economics, earth science and computer science. Logarithms have also been important to optimizing algorithms for example.

Also from computer science is Moore’s Law, concerning exponential growth or doubling of transistors on a microchip. Its relevance is changing because it is unidirectional for one particular property, while technologies and materials are upgrading. That’s another branch of the story! (3)

Relative growth or “allometry” of patterns in the different realms of nature varies, from symmetries to stripes. And there are many manifestations of cyclical growth or transformation from the lives of stars to the ebb and flow of life with the seasons. (4)

Another interesting candidate for consideration of intelligence: Efficiency.

Efficiency can apply to structure as mentioned before, extending to energy and energy usage. Here’s a general formula for electric power efficiency in kilowatts:

Efficiency (η)= Output Power / Input Power)×100%

The human system is of course far more complex than say a solar array.(5)

In various applications, the specific form of this equation may vary. For example, in the context of a heat engine, the efficiency can be expressed using the Carnot efficiency formula related to change in temperature. These are but slices or aspect layers of the whole.

Another interesting metric is magnetic flux Density (B), a measure of the strength of a magnetic field. It is also commonly referred to as magnetic induction. The formula for magnetic flux density considers magnetic force or magnetic flux in a given area.

Magnetic flux density is also related to field strength (H) and permeability (μ) of the material. Then, electron density (n) is typically defined as the number of electrons per unit volume.

Overall, electromagnetic and electronic potential, in the context of electrons in a system, may be very compelling when considering intelligent life, along with geometric and mathematical, physical and mechanical properties, and energy efficiency.

There are many facets of intelligence to consider when it comes to different forms of life, including humans, and especially those as yet unknown — in the solar system, galaxy and beyond. It’s necessary to consider different orders of magnitude and relativity of structure and multimodal function. Forms of life on Enceladus or one of thousands of exoplanets have common elements but different parameters. And the layers of life on Earth can be much better appreciated and understood as well.